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ArticleSystemic absorption and gastrointestinal adverse effects from topical ketorolac and diclofenac ophthalmic solutions in healthy dogs(American Veterinary Medical Association, 2024-04-05)Objective: To investigate systemic absorption and gastrointestinal (GI) adverse effects of topical ketorolac 0.5% and diclofenac 0.1% ophthalmic solutions. Animals: 11 healthy purpose-bred Beagles. Methods:Dogs were randomly assigned to receive either ketorolac (n = 6) or diclofenac (5), 1 drop in both eyes 4 times daily for 28 days. Upper GI endoscopy was performed on days 0 and 29 with mucosal lesion scores (0 to 7) assigned to each region evaluated. Plasma samples were collected on days 14, 21, and 28 for measurement of diclofenac and ketorolac using high-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. Results: GI erosions and/or ulcers developed in all ketorolac-treated dogs and 1 of 5 diclofenac-treated dogs. Post-treatment mucosal lesion score for the antrum was higher in the ketorolac group than in the diclofenac group (P = .006) but not significantly different for any other region. Post-treatment antral mucosal lesion scores were significantly related to plasma ketorolac concentrations (P < .001). Ketorolac and diclofenac were detected in the plasma at all time points (median ketorolac day 14, 191 ng/mL; day 21, 173.5 ng/mL; and day 28, 179.5 ng/mL; and median diclofenac day 14, 21.1 ng/mL; day 21, 20.6 ng/mL; day 28, 27.5 ng/mL). Vomiting and decreased appetite events were observed uncommonly and were not significantly different between treatment groups. Clinical Relevance: GI ulceration and erosion developed after ophthalmic administration of ketorolac and diclofenac, with higher plasma concentrations and more severe GI lesions associated with ketorolac. Clients should be alerted to this potential risk with ophthalmic use and informed to watch for systemic clinical signs that would warrant veterinary reevaluation.
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ArticleProviding Rental Housing: A Systematic Literature Review of Residential Rental Property Owner Decision Making(Sage Journals, 2024-04-03)Despite the central role that landlords, or residential rental property owners (RRPOs), play in housing, important areas of RRPO decision making are not well understood. Because of the importance of RRPOs in the housing system, gaps in our knowledge leave planners at a disadvantage when creating policies to improve housing stability for tenants. This article is a comprehensive, interdisciplinary literature review of RRPO characteristics and behavior framed around three decision points: career lifecycle, portfolio maintenance and development, and property operations. This review ends with suggestions for an RRPO-focused research agenda that supports urban resiliency and housing stability for renters
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ArticlePhysical Properties of Moist, Fermented Corn Grain after Processing by Grinding or Milling(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute, 2024-04-03)A novel biomass production system, integrating the co-harvesting and co-storage of moist corn grain and stover, promises a reduction in delivered feedstock costs. In this innovative method, the dry grain traditionally utilized for feed or biofuel production will now be processed at a considerably greater moisture content. The adoption of this approach may necessitate a substantial redesign of existing material handling infrastructure to effectively accommodate the handling and storage of moist grain after processing by milling or grinding. A comprehensive study was conducted to quantify the physical properties of this grain after processing with a knife processor or a hammermill. The geometric mean particle size, bulk and tapped density, sliding angle, material coefficient of friction, and discharged angle of repose were quantified. Five grain treatments, either fermented or unfermented, and having different moisture contents, were used. After processing, the moist, fermented ground grain exhibited a significantly smaller particle size compared to the dry grain. Additionally, both moist processed grains resulted in a decreased bulk density and increased material sliding angle, friction coefficient, and angle of repose. The examined metrics collectively suggest that handling, mixing, and storing moist ground grain will pose significant challenges compared to conventional dry ground grain. This increased difficulty may lead to substantially higher costs, a crucial factor that must be carefully considered when evaluating the overall economics of implementing this new biomass production system using combined harvesting and storage of corn grain and stover.
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ArticleAn XCT study on three-dimensional characteristics of a spout-fluid bed(Elsevier Ltd, 2024-04-02)Spout-fluid beds are widely used in the chemical and petrochemical industries for excellent mixing and heat and mass transfer properties. Understanding the behavior of jets in spout-fluid beds is crucial for optimizing these processes. In this paper, we present a novel experimental method for studying the three-dimensional characteristics of jets in spout-fluid beds using X-ray computed tomography. By employing a gas–solid flow parameter measurement system, we propose an accurate experimental fitting method for voxel voidage values, enabling the three-dimensional reconstruction of the time-averaged voidage in the entire flow field of a spout-fluid bed. These data are then used to develop an image processing algorithm for identifying and quantifying gas jets in the flow field, allowing for measures of jet length, volume, and diameter. We further investigate the effects of static bed height, spouting gas velocity, and fluidizing gas flowrate on the three-dimensional characteristics of jets.
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ArticleIntroducing the Pi-CON Methodology to Overcome Usability Deficits during Remote Patient Monitoring(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute, 2024-04-02)The adoption of telehealth has soared, and with that the acceptance of Remote Patient Monitoring (RPM) and virtual care. A review of the literature illustrates, however, that poor device usability can impact the generated data when using Patient-Generated Health Data (PGHD) devices, such as wearables or home use medical devices, when used outside a health facility. The Pi-CON methodology is introduced to overcome these challenges and guide the definition of user-friendly and intuitive devices in the future. Pi-CON stands for passive, continuous, and non-contact, and describes the ability to acquire health data, such as vital signs, continuously and passively with limited user interaction and without attaching any sensors to the patient. The paper highlights the advantages of Pi-CON by leveraging various sensors and techniques, such as radar, remote photoplethysmography, and infrared. It illustrates potential concerns and discusses future applications Pi-CON could be used for, including gait and fall monitoring by installing an omnipresent sensor based on the Pi-CON methodology. This would allow automatic data collection once a person is recognized, and could be extended with an integrated gateway so multiple cameras could be installed to enable data feeds to a cloud-based interface, allowing clinicians and family members to monitor patient health status remotely at any time.